Comparison of intraosseous access and central venous catheterization in Chinese adult emergency patients: A prospective, multicenter, and randomized study / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: It is challenging to establish peripheral intravenous access in adult critically patients. This study aims to compare the success rate of the first attempt, procedure time, operator satisfaction with the used devices, pain score, and complications between intraosseous (IO) access and central venous catheterization (CVC) in critically ill Chinese patients. METHODS: In this prospective clustered randomized controlled trial, eight hospitals were randomly divided into either the IO group or the CVC group. Patients who needed emergency vascular access were included. From April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, each center included 12 patients. We recorded the data mentioned above. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were enrolled in the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding sex, age, body mass index, or operator satisfaction with the used devices. The success rates of the first attempt and the procedure time were statistically significant between the IO group and the CVC group (91.7% vs. 50.0%, P<0.001; 52.0 seconds vs. 900.0 seconds, P<0.001). During the study, 32 patients were conscious. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the pain score associated with insertion. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the pain score associated with IO or CVC infusion (1.5 vs. 0.0, P=0.044). Complications were not observed in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: IO access is a safe, rapid, and effective technique for gaining vascular access in critically ill adults with inaccessible peripheral veins in the emergency departments.

Feasibility study of a novel intraosseous device in adult human cadavers.

Background & objectives: Intraosseous (IO) access is an alternative to difficult intravenous (iv) access during emergency clinical situations. Existing IO solutions are expensive, require power supply and trained manpower; limiting their use in resource constrained settings. To address these limitations, a novel IO device has been developed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate functionality and safety of this device in adult human cadavers. Methods: The ability of the IO device to penetrate the proximal and/or distal tibia was evaluated in three adult cadavers. Subjective parameters of loss of resistance, stable needle hold, easy needle withdrawal and any damage to the device were evaluated during the study. The insertion time was the objective parameter measured. Four sets of radiographs per insertion confirmed the position of the needle and identified complications. Results: A single physician performed 12 IO access procedures using the same device. Penetration of proximal and/or distal tibia was achieved in all instances. It was successful in the first attempt in eight (66.7%) and during second attempt in the remaining. The mean time to insertion was 4.1 ± 3.1 sec. Appropriate insertion of needle in the intra-medullary space of bone was confirmed with radiological examination in 10 (83.3%) insertions. In two occasions after penetrating the cortical layer of bone, the device overshot the intra-medullary space, as detected by radiological examination. Device got bent during insertion in one instance. There was no evidence of needle breakage or bone fracture. The needle could be withdrawn effortlessly in all instances. Interpretation & conclusions: The novel IO device could successfully penetrate the adult cadaver bones in most cases. Further studies are needed to confirm these results on a large sample.

Punciones oseas: consideraciones anatomo-quirúrgicas / Intraosseous access: anatomical and surgical considerations

Introducción: El acceso vascular junto con el manejo de la víaaérea y la ventilación es uno de los procedimientos másimportantes y principales en los servicios de emergenciasmédicas, por ello en los casos en los que el acceso intravenosono logra conseguirse o es dificultoso, el acceso intraóseo seconsidera como una alternativa rápida y eficaz. Cualquiera sea elfármaco o la solución que pueda administrarse por víaintravenosa se podrá administrar por vía intraósea en la mismadosis, con niveles séricos y eficacia equivalentes, consiguiendoun flujo similar, también puede utilizarse para la toma demuestras de sangre con la determinación de valores bioquímicosy transfusiones, es por eso importante y necesaria la enseñanzaen la etapa formativa de los futuros cirujanos en elreconocimiento de los sitios anatómicos para la efectivarealización de dicho procedimiento. Realizado por personalentrenado las complicaciones son poco frecuentes (1%) lascuales provienen de la falta de experiencia. Se puede utilizar estavía en cualquier situación de urgencia, tanto en un pacienteadulto como pediátrico, no debe realizarse en una extremidadfracturada o ya punzada, cuando haya infección, quemaduras,celulitis u osteomielitis en el sitio de punción.Objetivos: Identificar los reparos anatómicos para la realizaciónde accesos intraóseos por médicos cirujanos en formación...

Introduction: Vascular Access, airway management andventilation are one of the most important and major procedures inthe emergency medical services, therefore in cases where theintravenous access fails, intraosseous access is considered as afast and effective alternative. Whatever the drug or solution thatcan be administrated intravenously it can also be doneintraosseously in the same dose, serum levels with equivalentefficacy, obtaining a similar flow; also, it can be used for bloodsamling with the determination of biochemical values andtransfusions. Education is therefore necessary and important inthe formative stage of future surgeons in recognition ofanatomical sites for the effective realization of procedures.Performed by trained professional, complications are rare (1%)and come from lack of experience. This Access can be used inany emergency in both adult and pediatric patients. It should notbe done in a broken limb or already twinge, with infection, burns,cellulite or osteomyelitis in the puncture site.Objectives: To identify the anatomical landmarks for therealization of intraosseous access by surgeons in training...

Acesso venoso pela via intra-óssea em urgências médicas: [revisão] / Venous access by intraosseous access in medical urgencies: [review]

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Inicialmente introduzida em 1922, a técnica de acesso intra-ósseo foi extensamente utilizada até os anos de 1940 e revisada nos anos 1980. Considerando sua recomendação em diretrizes de reanimação cardiopulmonar, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão histórica e principais aspectos clínicos sobre acessos intra-ósseos ao sistema venoso. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma busca por artigos originais através da palavra-chave "acesso intra-ósseo" na base de artigos MedLine (1950 a janeiro de 2008). Adicionalmente, referências destes artigos, capítulos de livros e artigos históricos foram avaliados para esta revisão. Portais na internet de fabricantes de equipamentos para punção intra-óssea também foram consultados. Foram identificados e revisados 231 artigos, e o presente estudo condensou os principais resultados descritos. Foram considerados ensaios clínicos na língua inglesa, estudos retrospectivos e artigos de revisão. CONCLUSÕES: O acesso intra-ósseo é usado principalmente para garantir rapidamente um acesso venoso quando há algum retardo ou dificuldade para acesso venoso periférico. Consiste em técnica de simples aprendizado e suas complicações são inferiores a 1 por cento. A maior parte dos fármacos utilizados em emergências pode ser administrada por esta via em suas doses rotineiras. O acesso intra-ósseo pode ser usado com segurança em diferentes locais de punção, tanto em adultos quanto crianças. Este acesso pode ser satisfatoriamente utilizado para coleta sanguínea objetivando análise de gases e bioquímica sanguínea, infusão de sangue e hemoderivados, solução fisiológica para reposição volêmica em estados de choque, parada cardiorrespiratória e outras emergências, quando o acesso venoso convencional não pode ser rapidamente efetivado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: First introduced in 1922, the intraosseous access technique was extensively used in the 1940's and revised in the 1980's. Since this technique is recommended in actual cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines, the authors present an historical and clinical review of intraosseous access to the venous system. CONTENTS: The MedLine (1950 to January 2008) database was searched for pertinent abstracts, using the key term intraosseous access. Additional references and historical papers were obtained from the bibliographies of the articles reviewed. Manufacturer Web sites were used to obtain information about intraosseous venous (IO) insertion devices. Were identified and reviewed 231 articles, and this present article condensed the mainly the principal findings described. All available English-language clinical trials, retrospective studies and review articles describing IO drug administration were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: The intraosseous access is used mainly to gain rapid access to the intravenous system when there is delay in obtaining the latter one. The technique is simple to learn. The complications rate is less than 1 percent. Most emergency drugs can be administered in the same doses used by intravenous routes. Bone access can be used in children and adults of any age in several sites. This access can be used satisfactorily to draw blood for cross-matching, blood gases and blood chemistries and emergency infusion of blood and its derivatives, saline solutions for volume replacement in shock, cardiac arrest and emergencies when an intravenous access cannot be made readily available.